小康与大同
前几天读了一篇文章，让我清楚的认识到了小康和大同的道理。
文章中讲：提到小康，很多的人会首先联想到“小康社会”和“全面脱贫”等宣传语，大同则被认为是“物质极大丰富“的社会主义。孔子指出中国古代的大同是“大道之行，天下为公”的社会，
其实小康和大同是一个相对的概念，早在《礼记·礼运篇》就有记载。有一次，孔子登上高台，感叹自己没有赶上尧舜禹的时代，也遗憾没有出生在文王、武王等贤王的时代，故而和学生讲述起了他所向往的那两种社会形态——小康、大同。
孔子指出大同是“大道之行也，天下为公”的社会，那时的人“不独亲其亲，不独子其子”，社会“谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭”。如果要实现大同，必然是大道行于世间，整个国家上至天子下至庶民每个人都恪守“大道”，自愿为别人而为，为别人而活。而这一切，都是以敬天信神为基础，人们以谦卑的姿态审视内心，心思纯净的人们明了了为善的内涵和行恶的结局，并将其推而广之。
如此一来，人们便会自然而然地把别人的孩子当作自己的孩子一样去关心，把别人的亲人当作自己的亲人一样去对待。人们没有了伤害别人的想法，为了私利使用机谋算计别人的事情就没有了，犯罪的人也就自然消亡了。
但是随着社会的发展变化，大道衰微，人类道德普遍下滑，私心私欲日重。正所谓“大道既隐，天下为家，各亲其亲，各子其子”。因而人们需要遵循“礼义以为纪”，“如有不如此者，在势者去，众以为殃，是谓小康。”因为大道已经隐去，人们只是把自己的亲人当作亲人，把自己的孩子当作孩子，关爱不再遍及他人，所以必须遵循礼仪纲纪。如果有人不遵从礼义规范，人们就会把他当作祸害使他陷入孤立，这就是小康。 - 文章節選
仔细去想象孔子所说的大同社会，那是一个多么美好的社会啊！人与人之间都以别人的悲伤为悲伤，都以别人的快乐为快乐。从这个社会中生长出来的人，也都非常的善良。叔叔这里的环境就像大同一样。叔叔教导我们要首先要去做一个好人，认真学习中国古代的仁、义、礼、智、信，以善待他人为出发点，扼杀自己内心中恶的一面，不屈强者，同理弱小。在这个环境中生活，我们的内心也是非常愉悦的。内心阴暗的人往往只会去考虑自己，每天生活的也非常的累。
Well-off and Great Harmony
I read an article a few days ago, which made me clearly understand the truth of well-off and great harmony.
The article said: when it comes to well-off, many people will first think of slogans such as "well-off society" and "all-round poverty alleviation", while Datong is considered to be a socialist society with "extremely rich material". Confucius pointed out that Datong in ancient China was a society in which "the world is the same as the world is for the common people".
In fact, Xiaokang and Great Harmony are relative concepts, which were recorded as early as in "Book of Rites: Li Yun". Once, Confucius climbed onto a high platform and lamented that he had not caught up with the era of Yao, Shun and Yu, and regretted that he was not born in the era of kings such as Wen Wang and Wu Wang, so he told his students about the two forms of society he yearned for - Xiaokang, Datong.
Confucius pointed out that Datong is a society where "the way of the road is also the way, and the world is for the public". not closed". If Datong is to be realized, the Dao must be practiced in the world, and everyone in the whole country, from the emperor down to the common people, abides by the "Dao", voluntarily works for others, and lives for others. And all of this is based on respecting heaven and believing in God. People look at their hearts with a humble attitude. People with pure minds understand the connotation of doing good and the ending of doing evil, and spread it.
In this way, people will naturally care about other people's children as their own, and treat other people's relatives as their own. People no longer have the idea of harming others, and there is no such thing as using tactics to calculate others for self-interest, and criminals will naturally disappear.
However, with the development and changes of society, the avenues have declined, human morality has generally declined, and selfish desires have become more and more serious. As the saying goes, "Since the Dao is hidden, the world is a family, each relative is relatives, and each son is his son." Therefore, people need to follow the "propriety and righteousness as discipline", "if anyone is not like this, those in power will go, and everyone will think it is a disaster, which is called well-off." Because the Dao has been hidden, people just regard their relatives as relatives and treat themselves Treat your child as a child, and care is no longer extended to others, so etiquette must be followed. If someone does not abide by the rules of etiquette and righteousness, people will regard him as a scourge and make him fall into isolation. This is Xiaokang. - Article excerpts
Carefully imagine the Datong society mentioned by Confucius, what a wonderful society it is! Everyone regards other people's sorrow as sorrow, and everyone regards other people's happiness as happiness. People who grow up in this society are also very kind. Uncle, the environment here is like Datong. Uncle taught us to be a good person first, earnestly study the ancient Chinese benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness, take kindness to others as the starting point, kill the evil side in our hearts, do not yield to the strong, and empathize with the weak. Living in this environment, our hearts are also very happy. People with dark hearts often only think about themselves, and their daily lives are very tiring.